hypertensioretinopatia

Hypertensioretinopatia, also known as hypertensive retinopathy, is a medical condition affecting the retina that results from long-standing high blood pressure, or hypertension. The elevated pressure within the blood vessels of the body, when chronic, can cause damage to the delicate blood vessels within the retina. These changes can lead to a variety of visual disturbances and, in severe cases, vision loss.

The earliest signs of hypertensive retinopathy can be subtle and may include narrowing of the retinal arteries, known as arteriolar narrowing. As the condition progresses, more significant changes can occur. These may include hemorrhages (bleeding) in the retina, exudates (leaky fluid deposits), and cotton wool spots, which are areas of nerve fiber damage. Swelling of the optic disc, called papilledema, can also be a sign of very severe, acutely elevated blood pressure.

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy can range from none to significant vision impairment. Some individuals may experience blurred vision, headaches, or changes in their color vision. In advanced stages, if the macula (the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision) is affected, vision loss can be profound.

The diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy is typically made during a dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. The doctor can observe the characteristic changes in the retinal blood vessels. Treatment focuses primarily on controlling blood pressure through medication and lifestyle changes. Early detection and management of hypertension are crucial for preventing or slowing the progression of hypertensive retinopathy and preserving vision. Regular eye check-ups are recommended for individuals with a history of hypertension.