hyperkoagulaatio

Hyperkoagulaatio, also known as hypercoagulability or a hypercoagulable state, refers to an increased tendency of the blood to form clots. This condition elevates the risk of thrombosis, which is the formation of abnormal blood clots within blood vessels. These clots can obstruct blood flow, leading to various medical complications depending on their location.

The causes of hyperkoagulaatio are diverse and can be broadly categorized into inherited (genetic) and acquired factors. Inherited thrombophilias are genetic mutations that predispose individuals to clot formation, such as Factor V Leiden mutation or prothrombin gene mutation. Acquired causes are more common and can include conditions like cancer, surgery, prolonged immobility, certain medications (e.g., oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy), pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and inflammatory diseases.

Symptoms of hyperkoagulaatio are primarily those of thrombosis. Depending on the site of the clot, this can manifest as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), often presenting with swelling, pain, and warmth in a limb, or pulmonary embolism (PE), which can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Other potential complications include stroke, heart attack, and clots in abdominal organs.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess clotting factors and identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on preventing clot formation and managing existing clots. This may involve anticoagulant medications (blood thinners) like warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants, and addressing any underlying acquired causes. Prophylactic measures are often recommended for individuals at high risk.