hyperkalemiát

Hyperkalemia refers to a higher than normal level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. While potassium is essential for life, elevated levels can be dangerous, particularly for the heart.

Several factors can lead to hyperkalemia. Kidney disease is a common cause, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering excess potassium from the blood. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics, and NSAIDs, can also contribute to elevated potassium levels. Additionally, conditions like diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and significant tissue damage (e.g., from burns or trauma) can result in hyperkalemia. Dietary intake of potassium, while usually well-regulated by the body, can become a factor in individuals with impaired kidney function.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia can vary depending on the severity of the elevation. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, as potassium levels rise, individuals might experience muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and tingling sensations. In severe cases, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, including bradycardia (slow heart rate) and even cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis of hyperkalemia is made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is also a critical tool for assessing the cardiac effects of hyperkalemia, often showing characteristic changes like peaked T waves. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels and prevent cardiac complications. This can involve medications that shift potassium into cells, medications that increase potassium excretion, or in severe or refractory cases, procedures like dialysis. Dietary modifications to reduce potassium intake are also important, especially for individuals with kidney disease.