hypercapniához

Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia, is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of metabolism and is normally removed from the body through exhalation. When the body retains too much CO2, it can lead to various health problems.

Several factors can cause hypercapnia. Respiratory depression, where breathing becomes too slow or shallow, is a common cause. This can be due to conditions like drug overdose, severe lung disease such as COPD or asthma, or neurological disorders affecting the respiratory control center in the brain. Inadequate ventilation during mechanical breathing support can also lead to CO2 buildup.

The symptoms of hypercapnia vary depending on its severity. Mild hypercapnia may cause drowsiness, confusion, headache, and shortness of breath. As CO2 levels rise, symptoms can worsen to include muscle twitching, tremors, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, and even death.

Diagnosis of hypercapnia is typically made through a blood gas test, which measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the excessive CO2. This might involve improving ventilation through medication to stimulate breathing, adjusting ventilator settings, or treating the primary respiratory condition. Prompt recognition and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.