hydraulsystem

A hydraulsystem, or hydraulic system, is a technology that uses incompressible fluid under pressure to transmit power and control motion. In such systems, fluid power is converted into mechanical power to move actuators, or conversely, mechanical work is converted into fluid power for storage and later use.

The basic components of a hydraulsystem typically include a reservoir, a pump to create flow and pressure, control valves to direct and modulate the fluid, hydraulic lines and fittings, actuators such as cylinders or hydraulic motors, and a working fluid (commonly mineral oil or synthetic fluids). Additional elements may include filters, accumulators for energy storage, and heat exchangers to manage temperature. The operating principle relies on Pascal’s law: pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid, enabling force multiplication and precise control of motion.

System configurations vary, with open-center and closed-center hydraulic circuits representing common designs. Mobile hydraulic systems power construction and agricultural equipment, while industrial hydraulics drive machine tools, presses, and robotics. Actuators can be single-acting or double-acting, allowing linear or rotary motion with varying force profiles.

Advantages of hydraulsystems include high power density, smooth and controllable motion, and the ability to transmit force over long distances. Limitations include potential fluid leaks, sensitivity to contamination and temperature, energy losses in pumps and valves, and the need for regular maintenance and proper safety practices. Proper design, filtration, fluid conditioning, and cooling are essential for reliable operation and safety in high-pressure environments.