hotworked
Hotworked is a term used to describe metal that has been shaped by hot working processes, performed above the material’s recrystallization temperature. Common hot-working methods include forging, rolling, extrusion, and pressing. Working at elevated temperature allows large plastic deformations with lower flow stress, enabling the production of complex shapes and large cross-sections that would be difficult to achieve by cold forming.
Temperature and conditions vary by material but are typically above the recrystallization temperature and may range
Microstructure and properties typically differ from cold-worked material. Hot-worked metals generally have reduced residual stresses and
Post-processing and finishing commonly follow hot working. Heat treatments—such as annealing, normalization, solution treatment with aging,
Applications include large structural components, automotive and aerospace parts, and extruded or heavily formed sections where