hortari

Hortari is a Latin deponent verb meaning to exhort, urge, or encourage someone to undertake a course of action. As a deponent, its forms look passive but convey active meaning in all tenses.

Principal parts and forms: hortor, hortari, hortatus sum. The present infinitive is hortari. The present indicative forms are hortor, hortaris, hortatur, hortamur, hortamini, hortantur. The imperfect is hortabar, hortabaris, hortabatur, hortabamur, hortabamini, hortabantur. The future is hortabor, hortaberis, hortabitur, hortabimur, hortabimini, hortabuntur. The perfect passive participle is hortatus, -a, -um, used with sum to form the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect (e.g., hortatus sum).

Usage and syntax: Hortari commonly takes a direct object in the accusative to indicate the person being exhorted, and is often accompanied by a complement expressed by an infinitive (e.g., to do something). It can also appear with ut clauses in some contexts, though the more standard construction is accusative plus infinitive or complementary infinitive phrases. The verb appears throughout classical prose and poetry, especially in rhetorical and exhortatory passages, and continued in later Latin texts.

Relation and contrast: Hortari is related to other verbs of exhortation and persuasion, such as suadere (to advise) and iubēre (to order), but hortari specifies urging someone to act, rather than merely advising or commanding.

In English translations, hortari is commonly rendered as “to exhort,” “to urge,” or “to encourage.”