hortaberis

Hortaberis is a Latin verb form belonging to the deponent verb hortor, hortari, hortatus sum, meaning to exhort, encourage, or urge. Hortaberis is the second-person singular future tense of hortor and, as a deponent form, carries an active meaning despite its passive-looking morphology. In other words, hortaberis translates as “you will exhort” (not “you will be exhorted”) in typical contexts.

Morphology and conjugation details are straightforward for learners of Latin: hortor is a first‑conjugation deponent, and its future indicative forms use the passive endings with an active meaning. The full paradigm in the second person singular and other forms is: hortabor (I will exhort), hortaberis (you will exhort), hortabitur (he will exhort), hortabimur (we will exhort), hortabimini (you all will exhort), hortabuntur (they will exhort).

Usage notes: as a deponent verb, hortor forms look passive but translate actively. Hortaberis is used when the subject will perform the act of exhorting someone else in the future. Its typical objects and construction follow ordinary verb patterns, with direct or indirect objects as appropriate.

In classical Latin, hortor and its forms appear in works ranging from oratory to history and rhetoric, often in exhortatory or urging contexts. Because hortor is a common deponent, hortaberis is encountered in various authors to express future exhortation or the future performance of urging action.

See also: hortor, hortari, hortatus sum; deponent verbs; Latin verb conjugation; Latin grammar.