horsebit

A horsebit, or bit, is a metal mouthpiece that forms part of a bridle and transmits a rider’s cues to the horse. Placed in the horse’s mouth, it works with the reins and headstall to influence direction, speed, and head carriage. The bit typically sits on the bars of the mouth and may apply pressure to the tongue, lips, and palate, and, in some designs, to the poll or chin via leverage.

Bits are commonly grouped into two broad families: snaffle bits and curb bits. Snaffle bits connect directly to the reins without leverage and primarily apply pressure to the lips and tongue when the reins are tightened. They can be single-jointed, double-jointed, or straight, and come in various cheek shapes such as eggbutt or D-ring. Curb bits use a lever action through a longer cheek or shank, producing pressure on the poll, chin groove, and lips; they require a curb strap to control the amount of pressure. Pelham and full-cheek bits are examples that combine elements of both families. There are many mouthpiece designs, including straight, jointed, and bar varieties, each with different effects and degrees of severity.

Materials commonly used for bits include steel or stainless steel, with some designs in copper alloys or sweet iron, which may influence salivation and comfort. Proper care involves rinsing after use, checking for rough edges or sharp spots, and replacing worn or bent bits.

Fitting and use should be supervised by a knowledgeable rider or trainer. A bit should fit comfortably, rest correctly in the mouth, and allow adequate room for the horse to chew without pinching. Improper use can cause pain or resistance, so skillful handling and regular assessment of fit and behavior are essential.