hornhautdefekt

Hornhautdefekt

A Hornhautdefekt, also known as a corneal defect, refers to an injury or damage to the cornea, the transparent front layer of the eye. Such defects can result from traumatic injuries, infections, or postoperative complications. The severity of a hornhautdefekt ranges from superficial abrasions to full-thickness perforations, potentially impairing vision and risking further complications like infections or scarring.

Common causes include physical trauma from foreign bodies or accidents, chemical burns, herpetic keratitis, bacterial or fungal infections, and surgical interventions such as corneal transplants or refractive procedures. Symptoms often include pain, redness, tearing, light sensitivity (photophobia), blurred vision, and in cases of perforation, a visible defect or leakage of aqueous humor.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy to assess the extent and depth of the defect. Additional tests such as fluorescein staining help delineate the area of epithelial loss and identify any perforations.

Treatment strategies depend on the size, depth, and cause of the defect. Mild epithelial abrasions may heal with conservative management, including topical antibiotics, lubricants, and protective measures. Larger or full-thickness defects may require more advanced interventions such as tissue glue, bandage contact lenses, amniotic membrane transplantation, or corneal transplantation in severe cases.

Preventing complications is essential for preserving vision. Prompt medical attention and appropriate management can facilitate healing and reduce the risk of permanent visual impairment. In some cases, multidisciplinary approaches involving ophthalmologists specialized in corneal diseases are necessary for optimal treatment outcomes.