homeostas

Homeostas, sometimes used as a term for homeostasis in some languages, refers to the regulatory state by which biological systems maintain internal conditions within a relatively narrow functional range despite external changes.

In biological practice, homeostatic regulation relies on sensors that monitor internal variables, control centers that compare values with a set point, and effectors that act to bring conditions back toward that set point. Most homeostatic responses are driven by negative feedback, which dampens deviations. Positive feedback amplifies changes but is typically limited to specific events, such as blood clotting or uterine contractions.

Common targets of homeostasis include body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance (osmoregulation), acid-base balance, and energy substrate levels such as glucose. Hormones and autonomic nerves coordinate many of these processes, and organs such as the hypothalamus, kidneys, liver, and pancreas play central roles. Homeostatic regulation is a dynamic, integrative process that operates across multiple organ systems to sustain viable conditions for cellular function.

The broader concept of allostasis describes achieving stability through adaptive change in response to varying conditions and stress. Failures or disturbances in homeostatic mechanisms can contribute to disease, including diabetes mellitus (impaired glucose regulation), dehydration and electrolyte disorders, and abnormal temperature responses such as fever.