holunder

Holunder, also known as elder, refers to plants in the genus Sambucus. These are deciduous shrubs or small trees that are widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions across the globe. The most common species in Europe is Sambucus nigra, often called black elder or European elder. Holunder plants are characterized by their pinnately compound leaves and clusters of small, creamy-white flowers that bloom in late spring or early summer. These flowers have a distinct, sweet fragrance. Following the flowering, they produce berries, which are typically black or dark purple, though some species have red or yellow berries.

The flowers and berries of the holunder plant have a long history of use in traditional medicine and culinary applications. The flowers are often used to make teas, cordials, and fritters. The berries, when properly prepared (as raw berries can be mildly toxic), are a popular ingredient for jams, jellies, syrups, and wines. In folk medicine, holunder has been associated with various health benefits, though scientific evidence for many of these claims is still under investigation. Different parts of the plant, such as the bark and roots, have also been utilized in some traditional practices. The wood of the holunder is relatively soft and has been used for carving and making small household items. The plant's rapid growth and adaptability make it a common sight in hedgerows, woodlands, and gardens.