hitotsu

Hitotsu (ひとつ in kana, 一つ in kanji) is a native Japanese numeral used as a general counting unit meaning “one [thing].” It is part of the traditional tsu-counter family, which covers generic, unclassified items. Unlike counters tied to specific noun classes (such as long objects or flat objects), hitotsu is used when no particular counter is required or known.

Usage and forms: Hitotsu functions as the first step in the series ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ, and so on, which historically counted items without a specialized classifier. In modern writing, 一つ is common, while in speech the kana form ひとつ is typical. The tsu-based counting can describe tangible items as well as abstract or general quantities.

Common expressions: A typical use is asking for a single item, as in りんごをひとつください (Please give me one apple). Other phrases include ひとつだけ (only one), and ひとつずつ or ひとつずつ means “one by one.” The form can also appear in phrases like ひとつも〜, meaning “not even one” when negated.

Relation to other counters: For many objects, speakers may choose other counters (for example, いっこ or いっさつ for small containers, or 個 with こ). Hitotsu remains common in everyday speech, especially when the speaker wants a simple, non-specific indication of quantity or is counting items of unknown type.

See also: Japanese numerals, traditional counters, futatsu mittsu series.