hiperproliferação

Hiperproliferação refers to an excessive or uncontrolled increase in the rate at which cells divide and multiply. This process is fundamentally a disruption of normal cell cycle regulation, leading to an abnormal surplus of cells within a tissue or organ. While cell proliferation is a necessary and tightly controlled biological process for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, hiperproliferação signifies a deviation from this norm.

The causes of hiperproliferação can be varied and include genetic mutations that disable tumor suppressor genes or activate oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell division. Environmental factors, such as exposure to carcinogens, can also induce genetic damage that triggers this excessive proliferation. Furthermore, chronic inflammation can create a microenvironment that stimulates cell division as part of a healing response, but if prolonged, it can contribute to hiperproliferação. Hormonal imbalances can also play a role in certain types of hiperproliferação.

Conditions characterized by hiperproliferação can range in severity. In some instances, it may manifest as benign growths or hyperplasia, where the number of cells increases but the tissue structure remains relatively normal. In more severe cases, uncontrolled hiperproliferação is a hallmark of cancer, where the abnormal cells invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize to distant parts of the body. The study of hiperproliferação is crucial in understanding the pathogenesis of many diseases and in developing targeted therapeutic strategies.