hiperfoszfatémia

Hyperphosphatemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in bone health, energy production, and cell function. While the body tightly regulates phosphate levels, certain conditions can lead to an excess.

The most common cause of hyperphosphatemia is kidney disease, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). When the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products from the blood, phosphate can accumulate. Other contributing factors include hypoparathyroidism, a condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone, which normally helps regulate phosphate levels. Certain medications, such as laxatives containing phosphate, can also contribute to elevated phosphate levels. Additionally, increased phosphate intake, especially in individuals with impaired kidney function, can lead to hyperphosphatemia. Cell lysis, the breakdown of cells, can release intracellular phosphate into the bloodstream, causing a temporary rise.

Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can be varied and may include itching, red eyes, bone pain, and joint pain. In severe cases, it can lead to calcium deposits in soft tissues, such as the heart and lungs, which can have serious health consequences. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure serum phosphate levels.

Treatment for hyperphosphatemia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For individuals with kidney disease, dietary restrictions to limit phosphate intake and phosphate binders, medications that bind to phosphate in the digestive tract to prevent its absorption, are often prescribed. In cases of hypoparathyroidism, phosphate-regulating hormones may be administered. Management aims to restore phosphate levels to a normal range to prevent complications and improve overall health.