highspirited

Highspirited is an adjective used to describe a person, animal, or performance characterized by liveliness, energy, and enthusiasm. The term often conveys a sense of cheerful boldness and readiness to take part in activity; it can apply to children, pets, athletes, or other agents who approach situations with vigor. In standard writing, the preferred spelling is high-spirited or high spirited; the closed form highspirited is uncommon and generally regarded as nonstandard or a typographical variant.

Etymology: The word combines high, in the sense of intense or exuberant, with spirited, derived from spirit. The phrase has been in use since the early modern period to describe temperament or demeanor that is spirited and buoyant.

Usage and nuance: High-spirited can carry positive connotations of energy and courage, but may also imply impulsiveness or lack of restraint depending on context. It is commonly used for people who are optimistic and proactive as well as for animals with enthusiastic, exuberant behavior.

Related terms: synonyms include ebullient, lively, energetic, exuberant, vivacious; antonyms include lethargic, languid, calm. See also temperament; mood.