highmacchia

Highmacchia is a term used to describe a specific type of scrubland vegetation found in the Mediterranean region. It is characterized by dense, woody shrubs that are typically evergreen and well-adapted to the hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters typical of this climate. Unlike maquis, which is a similar but generally denser and taller vegetation type, highmacchia is often found at higher altitudes or on more exposed slopes.

The dominant plant species in highmacchia can vary depending on the specific location and environmental conditions, but often include a mix of aromatic herbs such as rosemary, thyme, and lavender, alongside tougher shrubs like holm oak, juniper, and various species of cistus. These plants are often equipped with small, leathery leaves to minimize water loss and deep root systems to access scarce groundwater. The overall appearance of highmacchia can be somewhat irregular and open compared to the more uniform blanket of maquis.

Highmacchia plays an important ecological role, providing habitat and food for a variety of wildlife, including insects, reptiles, and birds. Its presence can also help to prevent soil erosion on steep terrains. Historically, these areas have been subject to grazing and sometimes controlled burning, which can influence the specific composition and structure of the vegetation over time. The term itself is of Italian origin, reflecting the widespread presence of this vegetation type in Italy and surrounding Mediterranean areas.