hepatitisz

Hepatitisz refers to inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be caused by a variety of factors, but viruses are the most common culprits. The hepatitis viruses are classified into several types, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Each type has different modes of transmission, incubation periods, and potential for causing chronic liver disease.

Hepatitis A is typically spread through contaminated food or water and usually causes an acute, short-term illness that resolves on its own. Hepatitis B can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, and while many recover, some can develop chronic infection, increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Hepatitis C is also transmitted through blood, often through shared needles, and is a major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Hepatitis D only occurs in people who are already infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A in its transmission route and generally causes an acute illness, though it can be more severe in pregnant women.

Besides viral infections, other causes of hepatitis include alcohol abuse, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to toxins. Symptoms of hepatitis can vary but often include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and dark urine. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that detect viral presence or liver enzyme levels. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the inflammation and may involve antiviral medications, rest, or lifestyle changes. Vaccination is available for hepatitis A and B, offering significant protection against these forms of the disease.