hemolízishez

Hemolízis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells. This process results in the release of hemoglobin into the plasma. Hemolysis can occur in various physiological and pathological conditions. In a healthy body, a small amount of red blood cell destruction is a normal part of their lifespan, which is typically around 120 days. Damaged or old red blood cells are removed by the spleen and liver.

There are two main types of hemolysis: extravascular and intravascular. Extravascular hemolysis is the most common type and occurs when red blood cells are phagocytosed by macrophages, primarily in the spleen and liver. Intravascular hemolysis, on the other hand, occurs within the blood vessels themselves. This can be caused by mechanical trauma, toxins, or certain immune reactions.

Various factors can lead to pathological hemolysis. These include autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells, genetic conditions like sickle cell anemia or thalassemia which affect hemoglobin structure, infections that can damage red blood cells, and certain medications or toxins. Symptoms of significant hemolysis can include anemia, jaundice (due to increased bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown), dark urine, and fatigue. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to assess red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and markers of red blood cell destruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.