hardwarebeveiligingsmodulen

Hardware security, sometimes described as hardware beveiliging in Dutch contexts, refers to the protection of physical devices and their embedded systems from tampering, leakage, and unauthorized access. It covers the hardware layer as a foundation for secure computing, complementing software security measures. Key goals include safeguarding cryptographic keys, ensuring integrity of firmware and software, and enabling trusted execution environments.

Core components include secure elements and hardware security modules for key storage; trusted platform modules for platform attestation and secure boot; and secure enclaves or trusted execution environments such as ARM TrustZone or Intel SGX. Secure boot and measured boot establish a chain of trust from power-on through the boot process, while firmware signing and update mechanisms prevent unauthorised code execution. Tamper-evident packaging and intrusion sensors help detect physical tampering, and cryptographic protections protect data at rest and in transit within devices.

Common threats involve physical tampering, side-channel attacks, supply chain risks, counterfeit components, and firmware tampering. Mitigation strategies include tamper resistance, secure key storage, regular attestation, firmware integrity verification, and controlled update processes. Standards and certifications such as Common Criteria, FIPS 140-2/3, and industry-specific guidelines guide evaluation and procurement.

Applications span consumer electronics, mobile devices, data centers, automotive systems, and Internet of Things. As devices become more interconnected, hardware security remains critical for trust and resilience, though it must balance cost, performance, and usability.