guppies

Guppies, scientifically known as Poecilia reticulata, are small tropical freshwater fish in the family Poeciliidae. They are one of the most common and adaptable aquarium species, prized for their colorful variety and easy care. Native to the Caribbean region and northern South America, including Trinidad, guppies have been widely introduced worldwide and are frequently kept in home aquariums.

Adult guppies are compact fish with a pronounced size difference between sexes. Males typically display bright coloration and large, elaborate tails, while females are larger and more subdued. In general they remain only a few centimeters long, making them suitable for smaller tanks. Their diet is omnivorous, including algae, plant matter, microfauna, and prepared flakes or pellets; they will also take live or frozen foods.

Guppies are livebearers, meaning females give birth to free-swimming young rather than laying eggs. Under good conditions, a female can produce several broods in a month, with typical brood sizes ranging from 20 to 40 fry. Fry are small and vulnerable, and many aquarists provide densely planted or mulched areas for cover. Separate rearing or fry-only tanks are common practices to prevent predation by adults.

Habitat in captivity should simulate warm, stable tropical conditions: water temperatures around 22–28 °C (72–82 °F), pH near 7.0–8.0, and moderate hardness. They are generally peaceful and do well in community tanks with other small, nonaggressive fish. Regular water changes and good filtration support their health. Guppies are not considered endangered; their wide distribution and breeding in captivity have allowed them to persist as a popular aquarium species.