groundstroke

A groundstroke is a tennis shot made after the ball has bounced, typically played from the baseline. It is one of the main tools in baseline rallies and is usually performed as a forehand or backhand stroke. Groundstrokes differ from serves, approaches, volleys, and half-volleys in that they originate after the ball has bounced and are intended to control the rally from the back of the court.

Groundstrokes can be categorized by the side of the body used (forehand or backhand) and by the type of spin or pace applied. Common variations include flat shots with little topspin, topspin groundstrokes that arc high and dip into the court, and slices that stay low and skid. Grip and stance influence these variations: players may use continental, eastern, or semi-western grips, and may adopt open, semi-open, or closed stances depending on preference and situation.

Key technical elements of effective groundstrokes include early preparation, proper weight transfer, a stable base, and a contact point in front of the body. A smooth low-to-high swing path tends to produce topspin, while keeping the racket face stable produces flatter shots. Follow-through direction aligns with target placement, such as crosscourt or down the line.

Tactical use centers on controlling rallies, moving the opponent, and setting up advantageous positions. Crosscourt exchanges often offer more court for maneuvering, while down-the-line shots can surprise and end points. Variations in pace, spin, and placement are used to disrupt an opponent’s rhythm and create openings.

Across disciplines, the term groundstroke is primarily associated with tennis, denoting a fundamental shot used to construct points from the baseline.