griot

A griot is a West African storyteller, singer, poet, and musician who preserves and transmits oral histories, genealogies, and cultural knowledge. The term griot is derived from French; in local languages the role is often called jeli, jali, or jelimu, with regional variations in naming.

Griots serve as living archives for families and communities. They recount genealogies, compose and perform praise-songs for rulers and heroes, recite epic narratives, and comment on social and political events. They also act as mediators, counselors, and entertainers at ceremonies such as births, weddings, and naming rituals. Mastery of language, history, and performance is a core part of their function, and many griots maintain multilingual repertoires.

Training and repertoire are typically hereditary. Apprentices learn from a master griot, memorizing songs, genealogies, etiquette, and ritual practices. They become proficient performers on traditional instruments such as the kora (a 21-string bridge-harp), balafon (wooden xylophone), ngoni, and various drums. Oral mastery and precise verbal formulae are essential to their craft.

Social context and history: Historically, griots often served at royal courts and were recognized as a professional class responsible for safeguarding lineage and communal memory. Their status can vary by region, with some traditions viewing them as essential advisors and others as ceremonial specialists. Women also participate as griotte or griot, expanding the scope of the tradition.

Modern era: In contemporary West Africa and the diaspora, griots continue to perform at ceremonies and in musical settings, while also engaging with recording, broadcasting, and formal education. The tradition remains a key means of preserving oral heritage, even as it adapts to changing social and technological landscapes.