glute

The glute, short for gluteal, refers to the muscles of the buttocks in the posterior hip region. In anatomy, the term gluteal describes three primary muscles: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. Collectively they form much of the buttocks’ contour and play a key role in locomotion and posture. Colloquially, “glutes” is commonly used to refer to these muscles as a group or to the buttocks themselves.

Gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteal muscles. It originates from the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. It extends and externally rotates the hip and contributes to rising from a seated position and climbing. Gluteus medius originates on the outer surface of the ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter; it abducts the hip and assists in medial rotation, and is critical for stabilizing the pelvis during walking. Gluteus minimus, originating on the outer ilium and inserting on the greater trochanter, also abducts and medially rotates the hip and helps stabilize the pelvis.

Innervation and blood supply: gluteal muscles are supplied by the superior and inferior gluteal arteries and nerves. The gluteus medius and minimus are primarily innervated by the superior gluteal nerve; the gluteus maximus by the inferior gluteal nerve. Function in gait and balance: these muscles oppose pelvic drop and coordinate hip movements; weakness can lead to a Trendelenburg sign and gait abnormalities.

Clinical relevance: common injuries include gluteal strains and tendinopathy, particularly in athletes and older adults. Strengthening and activation through exercises such as hip thrusts, squats, and step-ups support hip stability and may reduce injury risk. The term glute is also widely used in fitness and medical contexts to refer to this region.