glutamine

Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized by the human body and is not required to be obtained through the diet. It is a conditionally essential amino acid, however, meaning that under certain circumstances, such as in cases of severe illness or trauma, the body's production of glutamine may not be sufficient to meet its needs, and dietary supplementation may be necessary.

Glutamine is an important fuel source for the cells lining the small intestine, and plays a key role in maintaining the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). It is also involved in various other bodily functions, including serving as a precursor to glutathione, a major antioxidant enzyme, and participating in the synthesis of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Glutamine has been used as a dietary supplement to support muscle recovery and growth, particularly in the context of intense exercise or muscle-wasting diseases such as AIDS. Some research suggests that glutamine supplementation may be beneficial in reducing muscle damage and improving immune function, although the evidence is not universally accepted.

Glutamine is found in many protein-rich foods, including meat, poultry, and fish, as well as in energy bars and supplements. It can also be synthesized by the body from glutamic acid, an intermediate in the metabolism of glucose. While glutamine is generally considered safe, high doses may be associated with certain adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in blood ammonia levels.