glideledd

Glideledd, also known as the gliding joint or plane joint, is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing articular surfaces are flat or only mildly curved. This arrangement allows bones to slide past one another in a translational movement rather than rotate around a fixed axis. Glideledd are generally considered nonaxial or minimally axial, producing small, gliding motions in multiple directions along the plane of the joint.

Structure and function

The characteristic feature of glideledd is flat or nearly flat articular surfaces that contact one another across a thin, often inconspicuous, joint cavity. The joint is enclosed by a fibrous capsule lined with a synovial membrane, and articular cartilage coats the joint surfaces to reduce friction. Stability is provided by the capsule, supporting ligaments, and sometimes additional structures such as fibrocartilaginous discs or menisci. Because the surfaces are relatively shallow and the joints lack a deep socket, the range of motion is limited, but the joints permit adjustable alignment and subtle movements necessary for complex actions.

Examples

Prominent examples include the intercarpal joints and intertarsal joints of the hands and feet, the facet (zygapophysial) joints between vertebrae, and the acromioclavicular joint in the shoulder region. These joints collectively enable sliding movements that contribute to hand dexterity, foot adaptability, and spinal flexibility.

Clinical notes

Glideledd can be affected by degenerative changes such as osteoarthritis, which reduce smooth gliding and increase friction. Sprains or dislocations are possible but less common than in hinge or ball-and-socket joints. Treatment focuses on preserving mobility, reducing pain, and maintaining surrounding ligamentous support.