glassfiber

Glass fiber, commonly called fiberglass, is a fiber composed of extremely fine filaments of glass. It is produced from silica-based glasses such as E-glass and other formulations. The fibers are drawn from molten glass through fine orifices to form continuous filaments, which are gathered into tows or woven into fabrics and coated with a sizing to improve handling and adhesion to polymer matrices.

Forms include continuous filaments, chopped strands, rovings, mats, and fabrics. These can be used alone or combined with resins to form glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP).

Properties: high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, excellent chemical resistance, and good electrical insulation. Mechanical properties depend on fiber type and form; fibers are relatively brittle and can be susceptible to moisture and surface defects. Temperature resistance varies by glass composition.

Applications: primary use as reinforcement in composites for automotive, aerospace, construction, wind energy, and sporting goods; insulation products such as glass wool; corrosion-resistant piping and tanks; and marine components.

Common types include E-glass (general purpose), S-glass (high strength and stiffness), C-glass (chemical resistance), and D-glass (low dielectric loss).

Safety: processing involves inhalation and skin irritation risks if fibers are airborne; protective equipment, ventilation, and proper handling are advised.