girafas

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is a large ruminant in the family Giraffidae, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the tallest living land animal, with adults commonly reaching 4.5 to 5.5 meters. The coat features irregular patches separated by lighter lines, and patterns vary by region, helping camouflage among trees.

Anatomy and adaptations: The neck contains seven cervical vertebrae, as in other mammals, but can reach high foliage. The tongue is long and prehensile, and the head bears ossicones. A large heart and a network of blood vessels, including a rete mirabile, help regulate blood pressure to the brain during neck movements and when bending down to drink.

Habitat and diet: Giraffes inhabit savannas, woodlands, and plains across sub-Saharan Africa. They are browsers, feeding mainly on leaves, shoots, and fruits from tall trees such as acacias. They may travel long distances to find food and water and can go several days without drinking, obtaining much of their moisture from vegetation.

Behavior and reproduction: Giraffes live in loose, variable groups. Males may form bachelor groups or roam alone; females with calves form small herds. Males engage in necking to establish dominance. Gestation lasts about 15 months, typically resulting in a single calf that can stand within an hour of birth and is cared for by the mother and herd.

Conservation: Giraffes are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with populations decreasing due to habitat loss, poaching, and fragmentation. Protected areas, anti-poaching efforts, and habitat restoration are key conservation strategies. Subspecies exhibit regional differences in range and appearance.

Subspecies and distribution: There are several recognized subspecies with distinct coat patterns and ranges, spanning East, Southern, and parts of Central Africa. They occur in many protected areas and contribute to ecotourism.