gillyflowers

Gillyflower is a common name applied to a variety of flowering plants, most notably members of the Brassicaceae family, which also includes cabbage and mustard. Historically, the term often referred to plants in the genus Cheiranthus, particularly Erysimum cheiri, known for its fragrant, often reddish-brown or yellow flowers. These gillyflowers are typically biennial or perennial, producing clusters of sweetly scented blossoms in spring and summer.

Another group commonly called gillyflowers belongs to the genus Dianthus, which are part of the Caryophyllaceae family. These Dianthus species, such as sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) or carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus), are recognized for their fringed petals and vibrant colors. They are often cultivated as annuals or perennials and are popular for their ornamental appeal and fragrance. The name "gillyflower" itself is thought to derive from the Old French "girofle," meaning clove, likely due to the spicy scent of some varieties. Depending on the region and context, the specific plant referred to as a gillyflower can vary.