ghibtah

Ghibtah is an Arabic term meaning envy, specifically a form of longing or covetous desire for a blessing that another person possesses, with the intention of attaining it oneself and often in a constructive sense. The word derives from the Arabic root gh-b-t and is used in Islamic ethics to distinguish a desirable, motivating envy from harmful jealousy.

In Islamic jurisprudence and ethics, ghibtah is contrasted with hasad, or envy that wishes harm or misfortune for someone else. Ghibtah is generally understood as a legitimate or even commendable impulse when it leads a person to strive for moral or beneficial goals—such as seeking knowledge, wealth used for charitable purposes, or piety—rather than to malice toward the other person.

Classical sources discuss ghibtah in the context of guidance about emulation and self-improvement. A frequently cited idea is that there is a permissible form of envy in two cases: to admire and aspire to Allah-given blessings one sees in others, such as wealth spent righteously or knowledge of the Qur’an, without harboring ill will. This framing emphasizes intention and outcome: the envy should motivate positive effort and ethical behavior, not resentment or harm.

In modern discussions, ghibtah is sometimes explored in relation to personal development and social behavior. It is viewed as a potential driver for self-improvement when kept within ethical bounds, and as a reminder to avoid backbiting, coercive competition, or wishing others’ misfortune.

See also: Hasad; Envy (Islamic ethics); Self-improvement.