ghats

A ghat is a series of steps leading down to a body of water, most often a river, and is a common feature along riverbanks in the Indian subcontinent. Built from stone or concrete, ghats function as public spaces for bathing, ritual offerings, prayer, and social activities. In many river cities, ghats line the waterfront with stairways, platforms, and temples that connect land routes to the water’s edge.

Ghats commonly serve religious and ceremonial purposes. Specific ghats may be associated with particular rituals, festivals, or rites of passage. In cities such as Varanasi, the ghats along the Ganges are famous for their historical importance and daily religious life; notable examples include Dashashwamedh Ghat and Assi Ghat. Har Ki Pauri in Haridwar is another well-known ghat on a major river. Beyond worship and bathing, ghats have historically acted as social and commercial hubs, with vendors, boatmen, and performance artists shaping local life.

In addition to the riverfront meaning, the term ghat also appears in some northern Indian languages to denote mountain passes or routes through the Himalayas. In this use, the word refers to a landscape feature rather than a riverfront stairway. The architectural variety of ghats—ranging from simple to highly ornate—reflects regional styles and ongoing maintenance, and many are regarded as important cultural heritage sites in their cities.