gestürzt

Gestürzt is the past participle of the German verb stürzen. It serves both as part of the perfect tense and as an adjective. In perfect constructions it combines with sein: er ist gestürzt, sie ist gestürzt. As an attributive or predicative adjective it can describe someone or something that has fallen or collapsed, for example: ein gestürzter Mann.

The range of meanings includes several related senses. In everyday language, gestürzt primarily refers to a physical fall of a person or an animal: Er ist gestürzt und hat sich verletzt. In political or social contexts it can denote the overthrow or collapse of a government, regime, or institution: Die Regierung ist gestürzt. In such uses gestürzt conveys abrupt ending or removal rather than a simple fall.

Usage notes and related terms. For objects that topple accidentally, German speakers more often use umgestürzt rather than gestürzt, as in ein umgestützter Baum. For aircraft, satellites, or industrial equipment, the common expression is abgestürzt rather than gestürzt. The noun related to the event is Sturz, meaning a fall or collapse, while Stürzen is the verb, and Umsturz refers to a coup or overthrow. Grammatically, gestürzt reflects the stem change typical of many strong verbs in German, with Umlaut in some forms (stürzen → gestürzt).

In summary, gestürzt functions as the past participle of stürzen and appears in contexts of falling, collapsing, or overthrowing, with usage guided by whether the sense is physical, political, or metaphorical.