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geografic

Geography, sometimes rendered as geografic in some languages, is the science that studies the Earth’s surfaces, features, inhabitants, and phenomena, and the relationships among places and the people and environments there. It seeks to understand where things are, why they are there, and how landscapes and societies change over time.

Geography comprises physical geography, which examines natural features such as landforms, water, climate, soils, and ecosystems,

Methods used in geography include fieldwork, mapping, and the analysis of spatial data with geographic information

The history of geography stretches from ancient civilizations, where scholars like Eratosthenes and Ptolemy laid early

Geography has broad applications in urban planning, natural resource management, environmental conservation, disaster risk reduction, climate

and
human
geography,
which
analyzes
the
distribution
of
populations,
cultures,
economies,
urbanization,
and
political
boundaries.
Subfields
include
biogeography,
geomorphology,
climatology,
hydrology,
cartography,
and
geospatial
analysis.
systems
(GIS),
remote
sensing,
and
GPS-based
techniques.
Cartography
remains
a
core
tool
for
communicating
complex
spatial
information
and
for
creating
usable
maps
at
different
scales.
foundations,
through
the
age
of
exploration
and
the
development
of
regional
geography,
to
the
rise
of
quantitative
approaches
in
the
20th
century
and
the
emergence
of
modern
GIS
and
geospatial
science.
research,
transportation,
and
public
health.
It
supports
decision-making
by
providing
spatial
context
and
helping
to
model
interactions
between
people
and
their
environments.
The
field
spans
academic
inquiry
and
practical
work
across
government,
industry,
and
nonprofit
sectors.