geoengineeringillä

Geoengineering refers to the deliberate large-scale manipulation of environmental processes to counteract climate change or mitigate its effects. These techniques aim to reduce global warming, often by altering the Earth’s energy balance or carbon cycle. Proposed methods include both carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM), each with distinct approaches and implications.

Carbon dioxide removal involves capturing and storing atmospheric CO₂ to reduce its concentration. Approaches include direct air capture, where CO₂ is filtered from the air and stored underground or repurposed, and enhanced weathering, where minerals are accelerated to absorb CO₂ naturally. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) combines biomass energy production with CO₂ capture, though its feasibility and scalability remain debated.

Solar radiation management seeks to reflect more sunlight away from the Earth to cool the planet. Techniques include stratospheric aerosol injection, where sulfur-based particles mimic volcanic effects to scatter sunlight, or marine cloud brightening, which enhances cloud reflectivity over oceans. While these methods could rapidly reduce temperatures, they carry risks such as altered weather patterns, reduced rainfall, or unintended ecological disruptions.

Geoengineering remains controversial due to uncertainties about long-term effects, ethical concerns, and potential geopolitical conflicts over implementation. Critics argue that it may divert attention from reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while proponents highlight its potential as a supplementary tool if emissions reductions prove insufficient. Research continues to assess feasibility, risks, and governance frameworks to ensure responsible deployment.