genusPangasius

The genus *Pangasius* comprises a group of freshwater catfish native to Southeast Asia, primarily found in the Mekong, Chao Phraya, and Irrawaddy river basins. These species are characterized by their elongated bodies, barbels, and scaleless skin, which are typical features of the Siluriformes order. The genus is particularly notable for its economic importance, as several species are farmed extensively for commercial fish production.

*Pangasius* catfish are adapted to warm, lowland rivers and floodplains, often inhabiting slow-moving waters with dense vegetation. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, and plant matter, though some species may also consume small fish. The genus includes both wild-caught and farmed populations, with aquaculture playing a significant role in global seafood markets, particularly in Vietnam and Thailand.

The most commercially significant species is *Pangasius bocourti*, commonly known as the Mekong catfish or pangasius catfish. Due to its rapid growth and adaptability to farming conditions, it has become a major export commodity. However, concerns have been raised about overfishing, habitat degradation, and the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture practices.

*Pangasius* species exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females typically larger than males. They reproduce during the monsoon season when water levels rise, laying adhesive eggs that adhere to submerged vegetation. Conservation efforts are ongoing to sustain wild populations, as some species face threats from habitat loss and pollution.

In addition to their economic value, *Pangasius* catfish play a role in local ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. Their cultural significance varies across Southeast Asia, where they are often consumed as a protein-rich food source. Research continues to explore sustainable farming techniques and the ecological impacts of *Pangasius* populations in their natural habitats.