generaatoritele

Generaatoritele are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They provide power for electric grids, industrial facilities, and backup systems. In Romanian, generaatoritele is the definite plural form referring to the generators.

There are two broad classes: synchronous generators, which produce alternating current at a fixed frequency, and induction (asynchronous) generators, which typically need grid interaction to operate. DC generators exist but are rarely used in modern power systems.

Principle: a rotating magnetic field induces voltages in stationary windings. The output frequency depends on rotor speed and pole count; voltage is set by the excitation system. A governor adjusts mechanical input to match load and grid frequency.

Common components include the stator, rotor, excitation system (brushless or brush-type), a prime mover (turbine or engine), cooling and lubrication, control equipment, and protective relays. Maintenance emphasizes bearings, insulation, cooling, and vibration monitoring.

Applications range from large central plants to decentralized microgrids and portable backup units. Efficiency varies with design, but modern generators can reach high 90s percent; emissions and fuel use are key environmental factors. Safety requires proper ventilation, electrical isolation, and routine servicing.