földrengésszer

Földrengésszer is a Hungarian term that literally means “earthquake instrument.” In practice it refers to devices used to detect, measure, and record ground motion produced by seismic waves. In contemporary Hungarian usage the term may be used interchangeably with seismometer or seismograph, though more technical terms such as földrengésmérő or földrengés-regisztráló műszer are also common.

A földrengésszer typically combines a sensor that detects ground movement with a recording system that logs the motion over time. Traditional mechanical seismographs use a mass–spring system with a pen that traces on a rotating drum or paper; modern instruments often rely on electronic sensors and digital data. The device is usually calibrated to capture movement in three components: vertical, north–south, and east–west. The recorded signal, a seismogram, shows how ground velocity or acceleration changes during an event.

Historically, seismographs emerged in the late 19th century and evolved from purely mechanical devices to highly sensitive digital instruments. Contemporary földrengésszerek include broadband seismometers and accelerometers, capable of recording a wide range of frequencies and sustaining long-term operation in various environments. These instruments form the backbone of national and international seismic networks, enabling earthquake detection, precise localization of epicenters, magnitude estimation, and, in some systems, rapid early warning.

In summary, a földrengésszer is the instrument used to monitor and document seismic activity, essential for scientific study and public safety alike.