fémkarbonát

Fémkarbonát is the Hungarian term for metal carbonate. Metal carbonates are chemical compounds that contain the carbonate anion, CO3^2-, bonded to a metal cation. They are a common class of inorganic compounds found in nature and used in various industrial applications.

The properties of metal carbonates vary greatly depending on the specific metal involved. For example, alkali metal carbonates like sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) are highly soluble in water and are basic in solution. Alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), are generally less soluble in water and are often found as minerals. Calcium carbonate, in particular, is a major component of rocks like limestone and marble, and is found in shells and eggshells.

Metal carbonates can be synthesized through various chemical reactions. A common method involves reacting a metal salt solution with a soluble carbonate salt, such as sodium carbonate. Another method is by bubbling carbon dioxide through a solution of a metal hydroxide or oxide.

Upon heating, many metal carbonates decompose to form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. The temperature at which this decomposition occurs is characteristic of the specific metal carbonate. For example, calcium carbonate decomposes at around 840°C.

Metal carbonates have numerous applications. Sodium carbonate, often called soda ash, is widely used in glass manufacturing, detergent production, and water treatment. Calcium carbonate is used as a filler in plastics and paper, as a dietary supplement, and in construction materials. Magnesium carbonate is used as a drying agent, an antacid, and in cosmetics.