K2CO3

Potassium carbonate, with the chemical formula K2CO3, is an inorganic salt of potassium and carbonate. It is a white, odorless solid that is highly hygroscopic and readily soluble in water, forming strongly alkaline solutions. In its solid form, the compound is stable at ambient conditions but decomposes on strong heating to potassium oxide and carbon dioxide. Its aqueous solutions have a pH typically above 11, reflecting its basic character.

Commercially, K2CO3 is produced from potash deposits and brines by purification and conversion processes; it may also be produced by reactions that exchange potassium from chloride or sulfate streams with carbonate sources in high-temperature processing. The material is often refined to remove impurities and to adjust crystallinity for specific applications.

Applications include use as a flux in glassmaking, where it lowers melting temperatures and helps form a uniform, clear glass; in soap making, where potassium soaps are produced; as a drying agent and buffering agent in chemical processing; and as a source of potassium in agriculture as a fertilizer component. It is also employed in some food and chocolate-processing contexts to adjust alkalinity in certain products.

Safety and handling: Potassium carbonate is corrosive to eyes and skin in high concentrations and may cause irritation on contact. It should be handled with appropriate protective equipment and stored in a tightly closed container in a dry place to limit moisture uptake. Proper ventilation is recommended during handling to avoid inhalation of dust.