frottole

Frottole, also known as frottola, is a form of Italian secular song that was popular during the Renaissance. It emerged in the late 15th century and flourished into the early 16th century, originating in Northern Italy. These songs are characterized by their simple, syllabic melodies and often humorous or lighthearted texts. The structure typically consists of repeating sections, often with an AABBA form for the verses and a refrain.

The texts of frottole were usually in the Italian vernacular and covered a range of subjects, including love, nature, and everyday life. They were intended for performance by amateurs in social settings rather than for grand courtly occasions. Musical settings were generally homophonic, meaning all vocal lines moved together rhythmically, making them accessible for less experienced singers. This emphasis on clarity and direct expression contributed to their widespread appeal.

The genre predates the more complex madrigal but shares some characteristics. Composers like Bartolomeo Tromboncino and Marchetto Cara are among the most prominent figures associated with the frottole. The popularity of the frottole waned as the madrigal gained prominence, but its influence can be seen in the development of later secular vocal music. Collections of frottole were widely published, contributing to their dissemination across Italy and beyond.