frottola

A frottola is a form of Italian secular song that was popular in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It is characterized by its light, syllabic, and often humorous text, typically set to simple, homophonic music. The term "frottola" itself is believed to derive from the Latin word "fructus," meaning fruit, suggesting a sense of richness or abundance, or perhaps from "frottole," meaning trifles or jests. These songs were often intended for amateur performance and were widely circulated in printed collections.

The structure of a frottola usually involves a repeating refrain, or ritornello, which alternates with more narrative stanzas. The musical style is generally uncomplicated, with clear melodic lines and chordal accompaniment. While some frottole are purely for voice, others include instrumental accompaniment. Composers like Bartolomeo Tromboncino and Marco Cara were prominent figures in the development and popularization of the frottola. The genre paved the way for later developments in Italian secular vocal music, including the madrigal, though the frottola is generally considered less complex and emotionally profound. Its popularity waned as the madrigal gained prominence.