fräknar

Fräknar, scientifically known as ephelides, are small, localized areas of increased melanin pigmentation on the skin. They are typically light brown or reddish and appear on sun-exposed areas, most commonly the face, shoulders, and arms. Fräknar are not a disease and are completely harmless.

The development of fräknar is primarily influenced by genetics and sun exposure. Individuals with fair skin, red or blonde hair, and light-colored eyes are more prone to developing them. The presence of a specific gene, MC1R, is strongly associated with fräknar and red hair. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) increase melanin production. In individuals predisposed to fräknar, this melanin production is uneven, leading to the formation of these small pigmented spots rather than a general tan.

Fräknar tend to become more prominent in the summer months when sun exposure is greater and may fade or disappear during the winter. They are most common in children and young adults, and their appearance can lessen with age. While fräknar themselves do not pose a health risk, their presence indicates that the skin is susceptible to sun damage. Therefore, individuals with fräknar are often advised to practice sun protection measures, such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade, to reduce the risk of sunburn and long-term skin damage.