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fourthdeclension

The fourth declension is a class of Latin nouns that forms its stems with a characteristic -u- element, and is usually composed of masculine or feminine nouns, with a smaller subset of neuter nouns. The defining feature is that the genitive singular ends in -ūs, from which the other forms are built. This declension includes a relatively small number of nouns compared with the first, second, and third declensions, but it covers a variety of semantic fields, including body parts, objects, and abstract ideas.

Morphology

- Singular: the typical pattern presents a nominative ending -us or -u, a genitive -ūs, a dative commonly

- Plural: nominative and accusative usually end in -ūs, genitive in -uum, and the dative and ablative

- Neuter members of this class generally follow a slightly different pattern: the singular nominative and accusative

Usage notes

- The fourth declension includes masculine and feminine nouns, and a smaller number of neuter nouns. It

- Some nouns exhibit idiosyncratic forms in certain cases, which must be learned on a noun-by-noun basis.

- In Latin prose, the fourth declension appears in a range of registers, from classical to late

Examples commonly cited as belonging to the fourth declension include manus (hand), metus (fear), fructus (fruit),

-uī,
an
accusative
-um,
and
an
ablative
-ū.
The
exact
vowel
lengths
may
vary
with
phonology,
and
there
are
some
irregular
forms
among
individual
nouns.
in
-ibus.
end
in
-u,
while
the
plural
forms
are
-ua
in
the
nominative
and
accusative,
with
-ibus
in
the
dative
and
ablative.
is
the
source
of
several
common
Latin
words
for
parts
of
the
body,
tools,
and
abstract
concepts.
Latin,
and
interacts
with
other
declension
classes
through
syntax
and
semantics.
and
genu
(knee),
among
others.