fotóallergiától

Fotóallergia, also known as solar urticaria or photoallergy, is a condition where exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight causes an allergic reaction on the skin. This reaction typically manifests as an itchy, red rash, hives, or blisters in the areas of skin that were exposed to the sun. The severity of the reaction can vary from mild discomfort to more significant swelling and burning sensations.

The exact cause of fotóallergia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an immune system response to a substance on the skin that has been altered by UV light. This can be an endogenous substance produced by the body or an exogenous substance, such as a medication or cosmetic product, that a person has come into contact with. When UV radiation interacts with these substances, it can create an allergen that triggers the immune system to release histamine and other chemicals, leading to the characteristic skin symptoms.

Risk factors for developing fotóallergia can include certain medications, genetic predisposition, and a history of other skin conditions. While it can affect anyone, individuals with fair skin may be more susceptible. Diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's history and a physical examination of the affected skin. Sometimes, phototesting may be performed to confirm the diagnosis by exposing small areas of skin to controlled doses of UV radiation.

Treatment for fotóallergia primarily involves avoiding sun exposure. This can be achieved through protective clothing, hats, sunglasses, and the consistent use of broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF. For more severe cases, oral antihistamines may be prescribed to alleviate itching and hives. In some instances, topical corticosteroids might be recommended to reduce inflammation. Managing fotóallergia often requires a proactive approach to sun protection and, in some cases, consultation with a dermatologist to identify specific triggers.