fotowoltik
Fotowoltik, or photovoltaics, is a method for converting sunlight directly into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. The most common material is silicon, and solar cells are assembled into modules that are then combined into larger arrays for rooftop systems, solar farms, or off-grid installations.
Photons from sunlight excite electrons in a semiconductor, creating electron-hole pairs. In a solar cell with
Crystalline silicon technologies dominate, including monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells. Thin-film approaches (such as cadmium telluride, CIGS,
The photovoltaic effect was first described in the 19th century, with practical PV cells developed in the