fotleden

Fotleden is the ankle joint that connects the lower leg to the foot and enables most movements of the ankle and hindfoot. It comprises the true ankle joint, or talocrural joint, formed mainly by the distal tibia and fibula articulating with the trochlea of the talus, and the adjacent subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus that allows side‑to‑side movements of the hindfoot. The talocrural joint mainly permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, while the subtalar joint contributes to inversion and eversion of the foot.

Ligaments and stability are central to fotleden. The lateral ligament complex consists of the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and posterior talofibular ligament, which stabilize the joint against inversion stresses. Medially, the deltoid ligament provides medial support. The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, including the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, helps stabilize the connection between the tibia and fibula. The joint is supplied by arteries of the tibial and peroneal systems and innervated by branches of the tibial and common fibular nerves.

Muscles crossing the ankle ensure movement and balance. Anterior compartment muscles, such as the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus, primarily dorsiflex the foot. The posterior compartment, including the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, enables plantarflexion, with the Achilles tendon as a major distal attachment. Lateral muscles contribute to eversion.

Clinical relevance focuses on common injuries and conditions affecting fotleden. Ankle sprains frequently involve lateral ligaments after inversion injuries; higher‑level injuries may involve the syndesmosis or fractures of the malleoli. Osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, and acute fractures are additional concerns. Diagnosis combines clinical examination with imaging such as X‑rays and, when needed, MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, ice, compression, and elevation to immobilization, rehabilitation, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.