foszátegyensúly

Foszát egyensúly refers to the regulation of phosphate levels within an organism. Phosphate is an essential mineral involved in numerous physiological processes, including bone formation, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Maintaining a stable concentration of phosphate in the blood is crucial for proper cellular function and overall health.

The body tightly controls phosphate levels through a complex interplay of hormonal and renal mechanisms. The primary hormones involved are parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). PTH, secreted by the parathyroid glands, generally increases phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby raising blood phosphate levels. Conversely, FGF23, primarily produced by bone cells, promotes phosphate excretion by the kidneys, thus lowering blood phosphate.

The kidneys play a central role in phosphate homeostasis by filtering phosphate from the blood and then selectively reabsorbing or excreting it based on the body's needs. Dietary intake of phosphate also contributes to the overall balance. Imbalances in phosphate levels, known as hypophosphatemia (low phosphate) or hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate), can have significant health consequences, affecting bone health, muscle function, and cardiovascular health. Disorders of the parathyroid glands, kidney disease, and certain genetic conditions can disrupt this delicate balance.