forskolin

Forskolin is a labdane diterpene produced by the roots of the plant Coleus forskohlii, a member of the mint family. It has a long history of use in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal conditions. In modern pharmacology, forskolin is often used as a pharmacological tool because it directly activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This mechanism bypasses receptor signaling, raising cAMP levels in many cell types. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A and influences diverse processes including lipolysis, smooth muscle tone, and cardiac contractility.

In research and some complementary health products, forskolin has been explored for weight management, body composition, and glaucoma, among other indications. Evidence for weight loss is mixed and generally not robust; small trials have reported modest decreases in body weight or fat mass, but findings are not consistent, and methodological quality varies. In ophthalmology, topical forskolin has been studied for lowering intraocular pressure with mixed results. There is insufficient evidence to support routine clinical use for these conditions, and more rigorous trials are needed.

Safety and regulation: Forskolin-containing products are sold as dietary supplements in many countries but are not approved as medicines by major regulatory bodies. Potential adverse effects include low blood pressure, tachycardia, flushing, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Interactions with antihypertensive, anticoagulant, or diabetes medications may occur. Caution is advised in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and product quality can vary. Patients should consult healthcare providers before use, particularly those with cardiovascular disease or taking other medications.