fluorometrie

Fluorometry is an analytical technique used to measure the fluorescence properties of substances. Fluorescence occurs when molecules absorb light at specific wavelengths and subsequently emit light at longer wavelengths. This phenomenon is based on the principle that certain compounds, called fluorophores, can absorb photons and re-emit them after a brief delay.

The technique involves exciting sample molecules with light of a specific wavelength, typically using a xenon lamp or laser as the light source. When these molecules return to their ground state, they emit fluorescent light, which is then detected and measured by sensitive photodetectors. The intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the concentration of the fluorescent species in the sample.

Fluorometry is widely used in various scientific fields including biochemistry, environmental science, and clinical diagnostics. In biological research, it serves as a powerful tool for studying protein interactions, DNA quantification, and cellular processes. The technique is particularly valuable for detecting trace amounts of substances due to its high sensitivity and specificity.

Environmental scientists employ fluorometry to monitor water quality by detecting pollutants, dissolved organic matter, and chlorophyll concentrations in aquatic systems. Medical laboratories use the method for measuring vitamin levels, drug concentrations, and various biomarkers in patient samples.

The main advantages of fluorometry include its high sensitivity, selectivity, and relatively simple instrumentation. Modern fluorometers can detect extremely low concentrations of target compounds, often in the nanomolar or picomolar range. However, the technique requires careful control of experimental conditions, as factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of quenching agents can affect fluorescence intensity.

Limitations include potential interference from background fluorescence and the need for compounds to possess inherent fluorescent properties or be labeled with fluorescent tags. Despite these constraints, fluorometry remains an essential analytical method in modern scientific research and industrial applications.