floorplans

Floorplans are scaled drawings that depict a building or interior space as viewed from above. They illustrate the layout of rooms and circulation, the location and size of walls, doors and windows, stairways, built-in elements, and often furniture or fixtures. Accompanied by notes and dimensions, floor plans help architects, builders, real estate professionals, and designers communicate spatial relationships, evaluate feasibility, and guide construction and procurement.

Components and conventions: Floor plans indicate walls with lines of varying thickness, door swings, window openings, stairs, and sometimes appliances or furniture. Dimensions and scale are provided, along with a north arrow, room labels, and a legend of symbols. Plans may be drawn at different scales, such as 1:100 or 1/4 inch equals 1 foot, and can be presented as architectural, electrical, or mechanical plans depending on the scope.

Types: General floor plans show room layouts; architectural floor plans integrate structural and architectural elements; site plans show the building in its context; furniture layout plans arrange furnishings; and service plans (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) locate utilities. In multi-story buildings, each level has its own floor plan with stairs or elevators indicated.

Creation and use: Floor plans are produced in CAD or BIM software and derived from surveys, architectural programs, and client briefs. They are used in design development, planning approvals, marketing for real estate, and interior design to test layouts, accessibility, and workflow.

Limitations: A floor plan is a two-dimensional representation and may omit height, ceiling features, and construction details. When used, it must be supplemented by elevations, sections, and specifications. Benefits include improved communication, space optimization, and cost estimation.